GENERATION OF COMPUTER 

GENERATION OF COMPUTER


FIRST GENERATION(1940-1956): VACUUM TUBES

1. The period of first generation is 1940-1956.
2. The first generation computer system used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory and were often enormous taking up entire rooms.
3. These are very expensive and only large organization were able to afford it.
4. These computer could calculate in millisecond.
5. In this Generation computer used machine code.
6. The computer of first generation could store only a small amount of information.

Some Examples are-

1- ENIAC
2- EDVAC
3- UNIVAC
4- IBM-701
   ..........etc

SECOND GENERATION (1956-1963):TRANSISTORS

1. The period of Second  Generation is 1956-1963.
2. The computer of second generation were based on Transistors.
3. In this Generation magnetic cores uses as the primary memory and magnetic tape & magnetic disk as secondary storage devices.
4. Due to presence of transistors , the computer cheaper ,consumed less power, more compact in size, more reliable, faster than the first generation computer.
5. Assembly language and punch cards were used for input.
6. The computer of second generation could calculate in microsecond.

 Some Example are-

1. IBM-701
2. CDC-1604
3. CDC-3600
4. UNIVAC1108
   ..............etc

THIRD GENERATION (1964-1971):INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

1. The period of third generation is 1964-1971.
2. The computer of third generation were based on Integrated circuit.
3. A Single IC has many transistors, resistors and capacitors along with associative circuitry.
4. The computer of third generation is cheaper, smaller in size, reliable ,faster and efficient        as compare to second generation.
5. IC not only reduce the size of computer but it also improve the performance of computer.
6. The Computer of third generation reduce calculate time from microsecond to nanosecond.
7. High level Programming language used during this generation of computer.

Some Example are-

1. PDP-8
2. PDP-11
3. IBM-360
4. IBM-370
    ............etc.

FOURTH GENERATION (1971-1980):MICROPROCESSORS

1. The period of fourth generation is 1971-1980.
2. The computer of fourth generation were based on microprocessor.
3. These computers used VLSI(very large scale integrated) circuits. VLSI circuits had almost 5000 transistor on a very small chip and were capable of performing many high level tasks.
4. The computer of fourth generation become more powerful, compact, faster, reliable and        affordable result.
5. All types of high level language were used in fourth generation.
6. Intel was the first company to develop a microprocessor.
7. The Intel 4004 chip developed in 1971 , located all the components of the computer from the CPU and memory to input/output controls on a single chip.

Some Examples are-

1. DEC 10
2. STAR 1000
3. IBM 4341
    ...........etc

FIFTH GENERATION  (1980-till date):

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

1. The period of fifth Generation is1980-till date.
2. This generation is based on Artificial intelligence.
3. VLSI technology become ULSI( Ultra Large Scale Integration),resulting in the                      production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components.
4. It is more reliable ,faster and efficient.
5.These computers are available in different sizes.
6. These computer are more user friendly interfaces with multimedia features.
7. The Goal of this generation is to develop devices that respond to natural language input        and are capable of learning and self-organization.

Some Example are-

1. Desktop
2. Laptop
3. Notebook
4. Ultrabook
5. Chromebook
    ............etc